Periodontal disease, a progressive condition of the gums, typically results from bacterial invasion. It often starts as mild gum inflammation, known as gingivitis, and can advance to impact the supportive tissues of the gums and the underlying alveolar bone, leading to periodontitis.

The dentist in East Charlotte, NC,  and other dental specialists address periodontal disease based on its specific type. Let’s delve into the various types of periodontal disease.

What is periodontal disease?

Periodontal disease is a persistent inflammation affecting the soft and hard tissues that support the teeth. It arises from plaque buildup and bacterial infiltration, resulting in the release of toxins that harm the gum tissues, forming gingival pockets. With bacterial proliferation within the gingival tissues, these pockets deepen, invading the alveolar bone and causing recession of the affected gum tissues. Without intervention, this progression leads to loss of attachment and tooth mobility.

What are the types of periodontal disease?

There are two main types of periodontal disease, namely:

Gingivitis

• This is the most simple and early form of periodontal disease, characterized by swollen, red, inflamed, tender, and easily bleeding gums. 
• It is primarily caused by increased bacterial colonization and plaque accumulation.
• Gingivitis is reversible with proper oral care and regular dental visits.

Periodontitis 

• This is an advanced form of periodontal disease, occurring when gingivitis is left untreated.
• The infection may spread to the deeper layers damaging the supporting structures of the tooth including the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. 
• This type of disease is characterized by the formation of periodontal pockets (a space between the tooth surface and the gums).
• Other signs include bad breath, gum recession, mobile teeth, abscess formation, and eventual tooth loss. 
• Periodontitis requires professional and advanced treatment to prevent further disease progression. 

Subtypes of periodontitis, include:

• Aggressive periodontitis

• • • A rapidly progressing form of periodontal disease. 
    • There is severe bone loss leading to rapid tooth loss.

• Chronic periodontitis

• • • This type of periodontitis progresses slowly over time.
    • There is a gradual loss of tooth attachment leading to tooth loss. 

• Necrotizing periodontal disease

• • • This is a severe form characterized by necrosis (tissue death) of the gingival tissues, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone.
    • This causes painful ulcers, bleeding gums, and foul breath.

• Periodontitis associated with systemic diseases 

• • Certain medical conditions like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and HIV can increase the risk and severity of periodontal disease.

Different types of periodontal disease manifest distinct symptoms, necessitating customized treatment strategies tailored to address the specific causes and symptoms of each type. Timely detection and intervention play a pivotal role in effectively managing periodontal disease and maintaining oral health.